Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Tephrosia purpurea of Family Leguminoceae
Patel R.1*,
Jain D.K.1, Saxena R.C2, Bharti M.2, Barve D.3
and Dubey B.K.3
1Dept.of Chemistry, S.S.L. Jain. P.G. College, Vidisha (M.P)
2Ayurvedic Drug Research Lab, S.S.L. Jain. P.G. College,
Vidisha (M.P)
3TIT College of Pharmacy,
Bhopal (M.P)
ABSTRACT:
Tephrosia purpurea of family Leguminoceae is a
shrub distributed in most places throught the
country. Preliminary chemical examination shows the presence of flavonoid compound. The crude drug may be of antihistaminic
value which is to be established eperimentally. In
this research paper preliminary work regarding Tephrosia purpurea
has been given such as Percentage yield of crude extract of Tephrosia purpurea by soxhlet
extraction method and Thin Layer chromatography/Column Chromatography of 90 % Methanolic extract of plant materials with Rf value and the color characteristics. The work
is quite progressive and rest of the work will be submitted in another paper.
KEYWORDS: Tephrosia purpurea, Leguminoceae, Flavonoid,
Anti-histaminic.
INTRODUCTION:
Natural products are generally either of
prebiotic origin or originate from microbes, plants
or animal sources. As chemical, natural products include
classes of compounds such as terpenoids,
polypeptides, aminoacids, proteins, carbohydrates,
lipids, saponin, and Flavonoids.
Natural products are not just accidents or products of convenience of nature
but it provided many things for humankind over the years. They are defense
compound which are used by human beings for medicinal purposes.
Natural products today are most likely
going to continue to exist and grow throughout the world to become over more
valuable as sources of new drug leads. This is because the degree of chemical
diversity found in natural products is broader than that from any other source
and the degree of novelty of molecular structure found in natural products is
greater than that determined from any other sources. Modak
et al (2004), Kosalec et al (2005), have reported
medicinal value of plants. Antihistaminic activity of this plant has been
reported by Khare and Saxena
(2001), Tenguria et al. (2006).and Patel et al. (2005).
OBSERVATIONS
ON TEPHROSIA:
Tephrosia is a wild plant known as Sarpunkha
and it exist as pan tropical coastal shrub that grows up to 400 m in height. It
occurs throughout the Indian subcontinent. Its aerial parts and roots are used
in bronchial asthma and throat infection. Phytochemical
investigations on this plant have shown the presence of coumarins,
flavonoids, rotenoids, flavanones and isoflavonones.
Extract of this plant shows hepatoprotective activity
in the drug which is due to presence of flavonoid
active principles.
Table-1 Percentage yield of crude extract
of Tephrosia purpurea by soxhlet extraction method.
|
Plant name |
Solvent used |
Weight of powdered plant material
(gm) |
Volume of solvents (ml) |
Weight of extract (gm) |
% Yield of
extraction |
|
T. purpurea |
Chloroform |
500 |
1000 |
14.5 |
29.0 |
|
Petroleum ether |
500 |
1000 |
12.4 |
24.8 |
|
|
Methanol |
500 |
1000 |
18.0 |
36.0 |
|
|
Water |
500 |
1000 |
20.5 |
41.0 |
Table-2
Thin Layer chromatography of 90 % Methanolic
extract of plant materials with Rf
value and the color characteristics.
|
Crude extract of plant material |
Solvent System |
Spot |
Rf value |
Visual light |
Iodine chamber |
UV light |
|
T. purpurea |
n-butanol: NH4OH 1:1 |
Cf1 |
0.78 |
Dark green |
Green |
Yellowish green |
|
Cf2 |
0.61 |
Yellow |
Yellowish green |
Yellow |
||
|
Cf3 |
0.47 |
Light green |
Light green |
Green |
*Rf value 0.78 corresponds with the
authentic mark.
Table-3
Column Chromatography of 90% Methanolic crude extract
of Tephrosia purpurea.
|
Solvent system |
No.of fraction |
Weight of fraction in gm |
Colour of
fraction |
Fractions used |
|
n-butanol: NH4OH (1:1) |
Tf1 |
0.60 |
Dark green |
Tf1 & Tf3
were used for spectral Analysis activity. |
|
Tf2 |
0.59 |
Green |
||
|
Tf3 |
0.70 |
Brown |
||
|
Tf4 |
0.50 |
Dark Brown |
Table-4:-Column Chromatography of 90% Methanolic crude extract of Tephrosia purpurea.
|
Solvent system |
No.of fraction |
Weight of fraction in gm |
Colour of fraction |
Fractions used |
|
n-butanol: NH4OH (1:1) |
Gf1 |
0.68 |
Dark Brown |
Gf1 &Gf2
were used for spectral analysis and antibacterial activity. |
|
Gf2 |
0.74 |
Brown |
||
|
Gf3 |
0.42 |
Yellowish Brown |
The
higher activity of leaves extract may be due to synergistic effect of flavonoids present in the drug.
Tephrosia purpurea has been
used for centuries in the Indian traditional medicines, for the treatment of
various inflammatory disorders. It is considered beneficial for Liver, Spleen
and Kidney disorder. Also it has the property to cure all types of wounds.
Experimental studies suggest that Tephrosia purpurea extract is antiulcer, antitumor and anticarcinogenic. (Rao et. al.
1984)
RESULT AND
DISCUSSION:
The
plant was collected locally and shade dried, powdered and soxhlated.
The colour characteristics, odour,
ash content, TLC and column chromatographic separation was done in the
laboratory. It showed maximum 41% yield of crude drug in water. Saponin tests were performed which gave positive reaction.
When Rf value was confirmed
with authentic marker 0.78 seems to be nearer. The saponin
structural elucidation and biological testing is under progress and will be
reported later in the next research paper.
REFERENCES:
1.
Khare ML and Saxena RC.
Medicinal study of Indigenous plants of family Leguminoceae
on Bronchial Asthma. Asian Journal of Chemistry. 2001; 13: 1220-1221.
2.
Kosalec J. Pepel Jnjak .S. and Marina. (2005). Acta
Pharma; 55: 423-430.
3.
Modak B, Rene T, Marcela W, and Alejandro U. (2004). J. Chetean Chem.Soc; 49 (1):1-3.
4.
Patel Sapan . R. K. Tenguria and P.K Mishra (2005). Pharmacological and ethnomedicinal
studies of Tridax procumbens linn family (Compositeae) for
anti asthmatic activities. J . of
Environment conservation.6 (1): 27-31.
5.
Rao E.V, M.S.R. Marthy, and
R.S. Ward, (1984). Phytochemistry. 23: 1493.
6.
Tenguria R.K, Sapan patel and R .C. Saxena, (2006).
Smooth muscles Relaxant activity of Herbal drugs from Dolichos lablab.12 (1):129-132.
Received
on 17.04.2010
Accepted on 13.05.2010
© A&V Publication all right reserved
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry.
2(4): July-Aug. 2010, 301-302